Sam Shankland gained his international master title in 2008, right around when computers started to become a necessity. For example, if you weren’t really computer-literate, and all of a sudden you found yourself in a world where having a computer really makes a difference, that’s a difficult thing.”ĭespite initial resistance from certain parts of the community, the advantages that computers afforded chess players eventually made them impossible to ignore.
Sadler says: “I think a lot of competitive players took a while to adjust to the new reality. Computers were adept at judging the quality of moves and positions accurately, particularly during opening sequences. The change here wasn’t just that a computer could win, but that a computer could help human players win if incorporated into their training regimes effectively. Alan Turing, the famous cryptographer, had developed a handwritten chess algorithm in 1950 called “Turochamp.” In 1957, Alex Bernstein, a researcher and chess enthusiast from the Bronx, created the first complete chess program with the help of a number of his IBM colleagues. Some version of computers had been playing chess even before the emergence of artificial intelligence as an official field in the 1950s. It introduced chess computers to the world, sparking conversations about a rise of automation in the famously romantic field. The ’96 match nonetheless demonstrated that the tide was starting to turn in the chess world, and the tide was deep, blue, and electronic. Kasparov would win the 1996 match four games to two, but in May 1997, an upgraded Deep Blue would defeat Kasparov 3½–2½. 10, 1996, the reigning world chess champion lost a game to a computer for the first time in history. It was a behemoth built with the sole intention of being very good at chess.
But Deep Blue was no run-of-the-mill computer.
0 kommentar(er)
